{"id":1882,"date":"2022-10-26T12:14:06","date_gmt":"2022-10-26T10:14:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aiternalex.com\/?p=1882"},"modified":"2022-10-26T12:23:32","modified_gmt":"2022-10-26T10:23:32","slug":"artificial-intelligence-exploring-invisible-innovation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aiternalex.com\/en\/innovation\/artificial-intelligence-exploring-invisible-innovation\/","title":{"rendered":"ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: EXPLORING THE INVISIBLE INNOVATION"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1882\" class=\"elementor elementor-1882\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4817103f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4817103f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-447414cd\" data-id=\"447414cd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e3c21ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e3c21ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.9.2 - 21-12-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#818a91;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#818a91;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>What is artificial intelligence<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><\/p><p><span class=\"s1\">&nbsp;Artificial Intelligence is a field of Information Technology (IT)<b> aimed to allow and demonstrate how a software system can act rationally<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">The earliest reference of studies of the human brain are placed around the 17th century BC with the Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus, demonstrating how humans have been fascinated by gray matter soon after the start of civilization.<br>It\u2019s only natural that, with the advent of IT, humans tried to replicate the same workflow in a machine.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>BRIEF HISTORY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Contrary to common belief, Artificial intelligence is not a new field. The first studies about it started in the 1930s with the \u201cthinking machines\u201d, when three major actors defined the basis:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">Norbert Wiener with his <b>electrical network<\/b> (mimicking neurons\u2019 activation);<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">Claude Shannon, describing <b>digital signal processing<\/b>;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">Alan Turing, that defined the <b>rules to assess any problem from a digital point of view<\/b>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Those three key principles concretized together in 1943, when Walter Pitts and Warren McCulloch described the first Neural Network, where artificial neurons were given the task to resolve simple logic functions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">In the next years, studies continued without a real focus (or a real name), until the Dartmouth Workshop was held in 1956, with a very straightforward proposal: <i>&#8220;<\/i><b><i>every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it<\/i><\/b><i>&#8220;<\/i>. In that precise moment, the term Artificial Intelligence was born and study kept going on. Attention from the public and fundings were on the constant rise, except for two periods called \u201cWinters\u201d &#8211; 1974-1980 and 1987-1993 &#8211; that saw respectively a major cut of funds by DARPA (1974) and the collapse of LISP Machines (1987).<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>THE INVISIBLE COMPANION<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Luckily, history proven that Artificial Intelligence isn\u2019t only vaporware: after dark times studies begin to prosper again (with some hiccups, for example in 2010 with the EMini <\/span><span class=\"s1\">S&amp;P 500 futures contracts, when a<b> hot potato effect<\/b> started unrolling between \u201cintelligent agents\u201d).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Fast forward to today, we can barely notice the presence of Artificial Intelligence, nonetheless it\u2019s a very important and integral part of our lives, participating in:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">Utilities supplies distribution;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">Traffic control in major cities;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">Weather forecast;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">Food chain of transportation;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">Logistics;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">Social media;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">Habits analysis;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">Art;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">and so on<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">A survey made by <b>Ipsos for the World Economic Forum<\/b> reported that 60% of the candidates polled think that AI will make their lives easier in the next 3 to 5 years, but only 52% of them think their life will actually be better.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>DATA: A DIGITAL DNA<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">The reason for the skepticism resides in the same core of the AI: the data. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">In order to make a system autonomous it needs to be fed data that will subsequently be organized into training datasets from which the machine can learn.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">While a lot of data for specific applications are gathered by governments \/ institutions \/ organizations,<b> personal data can only be collected with the use of applications<\/b> like social media. Personal data are obviously very dynamic, hence needing a <b>constant update and collection<\/b>.<br><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">This raised a lot of concerns about privacy and while our data is gradually getting more and more protected thanks to regulamentations (like the <b>GDPR<\/b> for the EU), it still feels like a wild west.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">While in most cases the collection is for a kinda harmless end goal (like <b>clustering for marketing purposes<\/b>), the same data could be used to manipulate people (e.g. Cambridge Analytica) or, worse, to control people&#8217;s lives.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is artificial intelligence &nbsp;Artificial Intelligence is a field of Information Technology (IT) aimed to allow and demonstrate how a software system can act rationally. The earliest reference of studies of the human brain are placed around the 17th century BC with the Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus, demonstrating how humans have been fascinated by gray [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":1877,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[44],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/aiternalex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/articolo-ai-C.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aiternalex.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1882"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aiternalex.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aiternalex.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aiternalex.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aiternalex.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1882"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/aiternalex.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1882\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1893,"href":"https:\/\/aiternalex.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1882\/revisions\/1893"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aiternalex.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1877"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aiternalex.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1882"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aiternalex.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1882"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aiternalex.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1882"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}